Status & Holiday Pay; confirmed worker status for a plumber (SC); later clarified that a worker who takes unpaid holiday because the employer refuses to pay for it can still claim for that holiday on termination (CA).
Status; worker; drivers were workers while the app was on, due to control and subordination.
Worker Status; substitution clause; a genuine right of unfettered substitution defeats worker status.
Status (Dutch law); applying HR 21 February 2025, the Court of Appeal reversed the 2021 first-instance finding that Uber drivers were employees. Although embedding, contract formation and remuneration pointed towards employment, the drivers' entrepreneurship (investment, multi-app working, own client bases, liability and incapacity risk) outweighed those factors. No group of employed drivers identifiable; individual claims left open.