Working Time & Holiday Pay

Authorities (20)

• Barber v RJB Mining (UK) Ltd [1999] IRLR 308
  Mr Justice Gage

  Working Time; 48-hour limit; employees cannot be forced to work more than 48 hours unless they opt out.

• Simap v Conselleria de Sanidad Case C-303/98; [2001] IRLR 845; [2000] ECR I-7963 [judgment]
  G.C. Rodríguez Iglesias (President), J.C. Moitinho de Almeida (Rapporteur), D.A.O. Edward, L. Sevón, R. Schintgen (Presidents of Chambers), P.J.G. Kapteyn, C. Gulmann, J.-P. Puissochet, P. Jann, H. Ragnemalm, and M. Wathelet (Judges)

  ECR I-7963 - Working time; on-call; time spent on-call at the workplace is working time.

• Landeshauptstadt Kiel v Jaeger [2003] IRLR 804 [judgment]
  G.C. Rodríguez Iglesias (President), M. Wathelet, R. Schintgen (Rapporteur), C.W.A. Timmermans (Presidents of Chambers), C. Gulmann, D.A.O. Edward, P. Jann, V. Skouris, F. Macken, N. Colneric, S. von Bahr, J.N. Cunha Rodrigues, A. Rosas (Judges)

  Working Time; on-call; time spent on-call at the workplace is working time, even if sleeping.

• Robinson-Steele v RD Retail Services Ltd Cases C-131/04 & C-257/04; [2006] IRLR 386; [2006] ICR 932 [judgment]
  P. Jann, K. Schiemann, N. Colneric, K. Lenaerts, E. Juhász (First Chamber)

  ECR I-2531 - Holiday pay; rolled-up holiday pay is unlawful (but credit can be given for payments made).

• Lyddon v Englefield Brickwork Ltd UKEAT/0301/07; [2008] IRLR 198

  Holiday pay; rolled-up holiday pay; set-off. Following Robinson-Steele (rolled-up holiday pay unlawful under Art 7 WTD, but sums paid transparently and comprehensibly as holiday pay may be set off against leave actually taken), the EAT allowed set-off under reg 16(5) WTR 1998 where the worker was told of the arrangement at the outset, there was an established method of calculation, and the amounts were itemised on payslips. The three practical limbs an employer must evidence to rescue a pre-2024 rolled-up arrangement. Note: rolled-up holiday pay only became lawful (for irregular-hours and part-year workers) for leave years from 1 April 2024, via reg 16A inserted by SI 2023/1426.

• Stringer v Revenue & Customs [2009] IRLR 214 [judgment]
  Lord Hope of Craighead, Lord Rodger of Earlsferry, Lord Walker of Gestingthorpe, Lord Brown of Eaton-under-Heywood, Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury

  Holiday pay; sickness; employees accrue statutory holiday while on sick leave.

• Pereda v Madrid Movilidad [2009] IRLR 959 [judgment]
  ECJ (First Chamber)

  Holiday pay; sickness; a worker who falls sick during annual leave is entitled to reschedule the leave.

• Schultz-Hoff v Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund [2009] ICR 932 [judgment]
  V. Skouris, President (Grand Chamber)

  Holiday pay; sickness; right to paid leave is not extinguished by long-term sickness.

• NHS Leeds v Larner [2012] IRLR 825 [judgment]
  Lord Justice Mummery, Mr Justice Henderson, Lord Justice Tomlinson

  Holiday pay; sickness; a worker on sick leave carries over holiday entitlement automatically without needing to request it.

• Dominguez v Centre Informatique [2012] IRLR 321 [judgment]
  V. Skouris (President), A. Tizzano, J.N. Cunha Rodrigues, K. Lenaerts, U. Löhmus (Presidents of Chambers), A. Rosas, E. Levits (Rapporteur), A. Ó Caoimh, L. Bay Larsen, T. von Danwitz, A. Arabadjiev (Judges)

  Holiday pay; sickness; entitlement to paid annual leave exists even if the worker is on sick leave for the whole year.

• Williams v British Airways plc [2012] ICR 847 [judgment]
  Lord Mance, Lord Hope, Lord Walker, Lord Clarke, Lord Sumption

  Holiday pay; pilots; holiday pay must include flying pay supplements.

• Lock v British Gas Trading Ltd Case C-539/12, ECLI:EU:C:2014:351, [2014] ICR 813 (Court of Justice of the European Union, First Chamber, 22 May 2014) (reference for a preliminary ruling from the Employment Tribunal, Leicester) [judgment]
  A. Tizzano, President of the First Chamber; E. Levits, Rapporteur (with A. Borg Barthet, M. Berger and F. Biltgen); Advocate General Yves Bot

  Holiday pay; results-based commission; normal remuneration; Working Time Directive art 7(1).

• Truslove v Scottish Ambulance Service [2014] ICR 855 [judgment]
  Langstaff J

  Working Time; on-call; time spent on-call away from the workplace can be working time if constraints are high.

• Plumb v Duncan Print Group Ltd [2015] IRLR 711 [judgment]
  The Honourable Mr Justice Lewis

  Holiday pay; sickness; sick workers can carry over holiday for up to 18 months.

• Grange v Abellio London Ltd [2017] IRLR 108; UKEAT/0130/16/DA [judgment]
  HHJ Eady QC

  Working Time; rest breaks; employers must proactively ensure workers can take reg 12 rest breaks — no prior request/refusal needed (Miles v Linkage no longer followed).

• Dudley MBC v Willetts [2018] ICR 31
  The Honourable Mrs Justice Simler DBE (President)

  Holiday Pay; voluntary overtime; regular voluntary overtime must be included in the calculation of holiday pay.

• Harpur Trust v Brazel [2022] IRLR 775 [judgment]
  Lord Hodge, Lord Briggs, Lady Arden, Lord Burrows, Lady Rose

  Holiday pay; part-year workers; 12.07% accrual method is unlawful; workers get 5.6 weeks regardless of weeks worked.

• Lloyd v Elmhurst School Ltd [2022] EAT 169 [judgment]
  Michael Ford KC

  NMW; salaried hours; NMW is payable for 'basic hours' designated in contract; disputes over unpaid extra hours.

• Connor v Chief Constable of the South Yorkshire Police [2023] EAT 42 [judgment]
  His Honour Judge Wayne Beard

  Holiday Pay; termination; 'relevant agreements' cannot be used to pay less than the statutory WTR entitlement upon termination.

• Taylors Poultry Services v HMRC [2024] EAT 102 [judgment]
  Judge Stout

  NMW; travel time; travel to a place of work is generally not 'time worked' for National Minimum Wage purposes.